Philadelphia: The Great Experiment

Benjamin Franklin is Philadelphia's most iconic citizen, but how did William Penn's city shape the man often called "The First American"? This episode follows Franklin from his arrival as a fugitive indentured servant to his emergence as a leader of craftsmen, civic innovator, media pioneer, politician, and the force behind America's greatest Enlightenment city. But all around Franklin, slavery drives the city's prosperity. Sampson, enslaved to Governor James Logan, strikes out for freedom, forcing Quaker power brokers to wrestle with the great evil of their times. And soon, Philadelphia's peaceful charter will face its greatest test, as a violent frontier conflict threatens to explode in the city's streets.

Discontent among Philadelphians rises with every new British tax, and with it, tension between the wealthy and working classes. As the largest and most diverse city in the colonies, Philadelphia attracts the powerful and passionate, and quickly becomes the headquarters for the American Revolution. Once independence –and war—is declared, revolutionaries seek out Loyalists, who they see as dangerous, and traitorous. Now, the city is at war with itself. Who will fight? Learn the real stories of iconic Philadelphians like Benjamin Franklin, Betsy Ross, Thomas Paine, and Charles Willson Peale, and how their actions defined the Philadelphia, and nation, that would emerge.

Philadelphia's population is decimated by an outbreak of yellow fever in 1793. As the city's physicians and civic leaders are fight back, they define our modern conception of public health, and establish some of the city's fundamental institutions that still operate today.

In the decades before the Civil War, the city we know as Philadelphia was divided into 29 independent towns and districts. With no unified police, fire, or political authority, chaos ruled the streets. Riots over slavery, jobs, and religion became the norm during the most violent period in the city's history. See the dreamers attempting to hold on to the revolutionary past, the firebrands who challenge the city to rise up against slavery, and the mobs who threaten to destroy it all. Whose Philadelphia will survive?

The Civil War shatters neighborhood calm and brings old tensions to a boiling point. Philadelphia will be the powerhouse of the North: brimming with industrial muscle, scores of war hospitals, and thousands of troops. Citizens rally around President Lincoln's call that "all should have an equal chance." But with the war over and the President dead, the fight for equality becomes a battle in the streets - with tragic results.

An era of aspiration and ambition characterized post Civil War Philadelphia. Industrialists sought great wealth and expansion. Newly freed African Americans sought equality. Lincoln's political party planted its flag for power and control. A new City Hall would house their government. The excitement and promise of the era would be capped with a major national celebration, the Centennial of 1876. (Pilot episode)

Philadelphia celebrates the Centennial of the USA with a spectacular World's Fair in 1876. The merchant John Wanamaker captures the spirit of the times with his grand department store. He leads the effort to build a city within the city for the Fair, including the largest building in the world. As millions flock to the Centennial, it becomes a magnet for activists. Susan B. Anthony leads a group of women who disrupt the July 4th celebration at Independence Hall to advocate for women's right to vote. Educator Caroline LeCount presses for the inclusion of Black Philadelphians in the planning process. The city bristles with ambition and aspiration, which manifest in the plans for a towering new City Hall. But as construction of City Hall drags on for decades, John Wanamaker worries that the soaring city he imagined will fall under the influence of a corrupt political machine.

In 1900, Philadelphia welcomes the new century with a burst of energy. As immigrants flow in, they find a metropolis of smoke and machines making every product under the sun. But a political machine keeps thousands of children working in the factories, too. For newly arrived Europeans and Black migrants from the South, it will take genius and grit to bend the old lines of power. This episode carries the viewer on a tour de force of the booming city that launched a baseball dynasty, a skyscraper boom, and the voice of a generation.

In the 1920's, Philadelphia was America's third largest city, with nearly two million residents. Philadelphians worked in factories that ran around the clock, flocked to speakeasies serving illegal liquor, and had plans for an elegant Parkway to celebrate urban greatness. But in every neighborhood, an entrenched system of domination by political bosses called the shots and reaped private financial rewards. It was the empire of the Vares - the family more powerful than any Mayor with a vice grip on Philadelphia's destiny. How will the city survive the grip of the Vares and what will happen when the Great Depression brings the roaring 20's to a crashing end?

Victory in World War II means optimism in the streets of Philadelphia. Outsiders rout a corrupt political machine with promises for a rebuilt downtown, civil rights, and industrial prosperity. Neighborhood kids sing love songs on street corners and television beams their spirited dancing to teenagers nationwide. But the optimism fades as urban renewal destroys historic neighborhoods, workers scramble for dwindling factory jobs, and African-Americans grow impatient with the slow pace of racial justice. Tensions erupt in 1964, setting the stage for a new era of confrontation.

As the Bicentennial approaches, Philadelphia reels from factory closures and crime. Controversial police commissioner Frank Rizzo seizes the moment and wins election as Mayor. The pugnacious Rizzo merges police and political power, inciting hard-driving press investigations and a recall movement. A team of South Philly song writers soothes the tension with soulful music that sweeps the nation, while the city cheers for working class heroes in the boxing ring and on the ice.

In the aftermath of devastating job losses, Philadelphians reinvent their city. Long-oppressed African-Americans rise to political power, skyscrapers break a long-held "gentlemen's agreement," and neighborhood kids find their artistic voice on crumbling factory walls. But when police engage a radical group in a disastrous confrontation, the city's fragile social compact teeters on the brink of collapse.